Excess of ketoacids can produce metabolic acidosis.įunctioning body tissues continuously absorb glucose from the bloodstream. The body can also use protein and fat however, their breakdown creates ketoacids, making the body acidic, which is not its optimal state. Of the three fuels for the body, glucose is preferred because it produces both energy and water through the Krebs cycle and aerobic metabolism. During exercise or stress the body needs a higher concentration because muscles require glucose for energy (Basu et al., 2009).

To keep the body running smoothly, a continuous concentration of 60 to 100 mg/dL of glucose in blood plasma is needed. Throughout the body, cells use glucose as a source of immediate energy. Knowing how the pancreatic, digestive, and intestinal hormones are involved in food metabolism can help you understand normal physiology and how problems develop with diabetes. Glucose, fats, and proteins are the foods that fuel the body. To appreciate the pathology of diabetes, it is important to understand how the body normally uses food for energy.

A delicate balance between hormones of the pancreas, intestines, brain, and even adrenals is required to maintain normal BG levels. Euglycemia, or blood sugar within the normal range, is naturally ideal for the body’s functions. Too little glucose, called hypoglycemia, starves cells, and too much glucose ( hyperglycemia) creates a sticky, paralyzing effect on cells. Brain cells don’t require insulin to drive glucose into neurons however, there must still be normal amounts available. Normal BG levels should be between 60 and 140 mg/dL in order to supply cells of the body with its required energy.

Regulation of glucose in the body is done autonomically and constantly throughout each minute of the day.

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